Anders+B

LINK TO **AND THEN THERE WERE NONE** link to Hobbit page

**__ Background Knowledge __** When we were researching and building are bridge we learned about how it was made and the characteristics about the different bridges that are in the world like arch bridges. Also we learned more about bridges and why they are built. Also, we leaned where the Madgeburg bridge is built and how wide it is and how far it goes. We learned so much while building and researching the Madgeburg bridge and we are all glad that we did this project because we now know more about bridges.

**__ How Bridges Have Changed Throughout History __** Bridges have significantly changed throughout history. They have gone from the earliest natural bridges to the complex and architecturally beautiful bridges built today. The first way that people would get over obstacles was by natural bridges such as fallen trees, fallen vines, natural stones, and more. The earliest man made bridges were Made of easily accessible materials such as small trees or vines and grasses woven together. First, engineers used the simple beam bridge as the structure for the bridges they built. But, later they found out that another design called arch bridges that were made of stone could span longer distances than the simple beam bridge. So, the engineers adapted this design. Some of these ancient Roman arch bridges still stand even though they were built over 2,000 years ago. By the late 1800s bridge builders had moved on from using stone and would tocast iron and then eventually to steel. Also, a new design was being used by bridge builders in the late 1800s because they discovere that they could build longer,larger bridges by using a suspension bridge as the structure. These suspension bridges are made with parallel cables that are stretched the entire length of the bridge over giant towers, and the cables are anchored at each end. After the suspension bridge, bridge builders moved to the cable-stayed bridge design which is the a very recent design for bridges. In a cable stayed bridge the cables are attached to towers so that they bear the weight of the bridge. As you can see, the way bridges were made and are made today has changed drastically through time.

**__ How Physics and Geometry is used in Building Bridges __**

Physics and geometry play a big role in making bridges and the design of bridges. Physics for example plays a huge role in the making of bridges. Bridge builders use physics to help withstand all of the forces of nature and of cars and things that act upon the bridge. One example of using physics is when building a beam bridge. The force acting on the beam bridge pushes straight down onto the support posts under the bridge. So the farther apart the posts, the weaker the bridge becomes. Therefore, bridge builders must know that they need to have the posts under the bridge relatively close together to keep the bridge from collapsing. Another example where bridge builders must use physics is when building an arch bridge. The force of an arch bridge is pushed into the center of the bridge. So, designers must use physics to create the arch bridge so that the force will be equal on both sides of the bridges, so the bridge will stay standing.

One way that physics is used in bridge building is by using all of the laws of physics and applying them to the design of a bridge because the laws of physics play an important role in the design, construction, and functionality of any bridge. For example, Newton's Third Law of Motion which states that at any time a force acts from one object to another, there is an equal force acting back on the original object applies directly to building a bridge. Knowing this law, you must keep in mind that cars and heavy trucks will be driving over the bridge, so the bridge must have enough force to act equally back on the car or heavy truck so that the bridge does not collapse.

Another example of how physics is used in building bridges is by knowing how and where the forces that act on the bridge will go. For, example in a cable-stayed bridge, the forces acting on the bridge from cars, trucks, etc.. are transfered to the cables, poles, and then to the ground. In all bridges, the builder must know where the forces are going to be sent so that they are not all sent to the bridge itself, which would cause the bridge to collapse.

A third example of how physics is used in building bridges Geometry is also used a lot in building bridges. Geometry deals with shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. So, we definitely use geometry in building bridges.

designers must consider distance of bridge, material before determining the size, shape, and overall look of the bridge.

http://physics.about.com/od/physics101thebasics/p/PhysicsLaws.htm http://physics.about.com/od/classicalmechanics/a/lawsofmotion.htm
 * also REMEMBER TO SITE OTHER WEBSITES ON DESKTOP ONTO REFERENCE PAGE*******

**__ The Madgeburg Water Bridge __** The type of bridge that we chose to research is the Europe’s largest water bridge. It is called the Magdeburg Water Bridge and is located in the city of Madgeburg, Germany near Berlin. Our group decided to choose this bridge for a few reasons. One reason is because we found it very unique since it is a water bridge, which means that boats use this bridge instead of cars. Another reason is because of the bridges beautiful design and the extremely well architectural structure that this bridge has. The bridge we chose did model a specific bridge that exists in real-life.

**__ What We Learned from this Project __** Our group has learned a lot about Science and about bridges through this project. It has helped us understand science concepts better and understand new facts about bridges. By demonstrating teamwork, we learned to put our minds and ideas together to come up with plans for building a good bridge. Since we didn’t always agree on things we learned to cooperate with each other and listen to each others ideas and thoughts. Also from this project, we learned

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link to page 2 link to outsiders page Type in the content of your page here. heyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy(((((:

Persuasion Paper

Fred Bender and Johnny Dangler both like to shoot hockey pucks bettering their hockey skill. Both of them practice shooting often and for about the same amount of time. Fred shoots in his driveway, while Johnny shoots on synthetic ice in his basement. Johnny has a better shot than Fred. It is harder, quicker, and more accurate than Fred's, and he believes that this is because he shoots on synthetic ice. But, Fred begs to differ. He thinks that the surface he shoots on has nothing to do with the quality of his shot. When Fred and Johnny are together, this topic arises often in their conversations. Fred always starts the argument by saying, “Synthetic ice is a waste of money. Shooting in a driveway is almost the same thing! You are still shooting with a hockey stick and pucks.” But Johnny then points out, “Actually Fred, they are quite contrary. Practicing on synthetic ice is much more realistic. You are able to use real hockey skates and your game stick.” Johnny goes on to argue saying, “The synthetic ice will not damage the stick, and it simulates a real ice rink surface, giving you a more accurate idea of what it feels like to skate during a game.” Fred attempts to contradict Johnny's position arguing that there is more resistance while shooting on a driveway. The rough, concrete surface, he claims, can make your shot harder and faster and can make you stronger. Fred then continues to say, “The best shooters in the NHL such as Joe Sakic, Marian Gaborik, Al MacInnis, and Sergei Fedorov did not shoot on synthetic ice, yet their shots are extremely hard!” “You are right Fred, however, we both know that synthetic ice was not even invented when they were our age, and I bet if you ask them they would have preferred to shoot on synthetic ice.” Such arguments would come up frequently, until Fred Bender sulkily agrees with Johnny Dangler’s belief that shooting on synthetic ice is better than shooting on a driveway.

Although Johnny always ends up winning the argument with Fred, they both know that there are two sides to the "Synthetic Ice vs. Driveway" argument. I feel that the argument for shooting on synthetic ice has several good points. On synthetic ice, you can shoot with the stick that you use in a game. Synthetic ice will not damage your stick. Also, you can skate on synthetic ice with real hockey skates. Even though it is not made for skating purposes, being on skates can help better simulate a situation that you might experience during a game, so this too can better your shooting. Synthetic ice is very similar to ice at a rink so your form for shooting on synthetic ice will be the same as the form you have on ice during a game. But, there are also arguments against synthetic ice, promoting shooting on a driveway. The main argument is that shooting on a driveway is a lot less expensive than shooting on synthetic ice. In addition, people argue that you can rollerblade on a driveway. They also say that since there is more resistance on a driveway, it is harder to shoot the pucks, making you and your shot stronger.

Climate- synthetic ice = any season if indoor

puck slides more easily (like a puck on ice)

Anders Bjork LA-1 April 26, 2010

**__Abortion Essay__** Abortion is an extremely serious problem in our society today. Although many people think that abortion is not killing anyone and is not as bad as many other things in our world, the truth is abortion is murder. Abortion is just as bad as murder and is the exact same thing. Abortion is killing a young baby and even if that baby was not yet born, it is still killing a life that would have lived. Millions of babies have not gotten the chance to live because of abortion. Those babies could have had an extreme impact on our world, one could have been the next Wayne Gretzky or Michael Jordan. Another could have been the next Albert Einstein or Mother Theresa. One of those unborn, murdered babies could have changed the way that people treat each other and all the violence in our world. Many people think that because it is legal and our government says that it is not murder that abortion is not that bad and is okay. But, the truth is, it is killing a human (even if he or she is not yet born), which is exactly the same as murder. Many people believe that a woman has the right to do what she wants with her body. But, I believe that it is not right for a woman to do want she wants with her body if it is going to kill a future baby. Many women who have an abortion do not realize that there are many other options. For example, adoption is a good alternative. Over 2 million couples each year are waiting to adopt a baby.

Anders Bjork April 23, 2010 LA-1 Science-2

The Continuous Bleeding Disease: Hemophilia Imagine worrying about ever bump, cut, or bruise because if you do not act quickly, that small bruise could take your life from you. People with the bleeding disorder called hemophilia have to worry about those small, minor injuries. Hemophilia is a hereditary disease that affects the way someone’s blood clots to stop a cut or bruise from bleeding. Hemophilia is not contagious and is a very rare disease. Currently, about 1,800 people in the United States have hemophilia and fifty-five percent of them are young people **. ** Women pass down hemophilia from generation to generation. But, these women do not get any bleeding related symptoms. Instead they just carry the disease and therefore are called carriers. For a person without hemophilia’s body to clot blood there are three functions that the body performs. The first step is vasoconstriction where blood vessels narrow in the injured area to decrease the blood flow. The next function is the platelet plug formation. Particles called platelets rush to the area of the injury, form together, and attach themselves to the blood vessel walls. The third step is the fibrin clot formation in which sticky, threadlike fibrin sticks the platelet plug together. This fibrin is formed by twelve proteins called clotting factor, which work like dominoes. People with hemophilia do not have enough of one of these clotting factors (which are proteins) or dominoes that stop normal people from bleeding. So, when a hemophiliac gets a cut or bruise, the clot does not form, and the cut will continue to bleed. Hemophilia has had a very interesting history. The first people to record this disease were the Jews in the second century A.D. During medieval times, an Arab physician discovered that, in one family, males died from small injuries that would not normally affect people. About 100 years after that, a Jewish physician realized that this bleeding disorder was passed on from mother to son. Eventually, Hemophilia became known as the royal disease. Queen Victoria, of the United Kingdom, was a carrier of the disease. She passed the disease down to many of her daughters. The daughters passed it on to their daughters and sons. Because royal families often would marry into their own families, hemophilia was passed on for several generations in the British royal family. As I mentioned before, women carriers pass down hemophilia from generation to generation. They are passed down through the X chromosome. The X and Y chromosomes determine the gender of the child. Two X’s (XX) equals a female, and an X and a Y (XY) equals a male. The reason that females do not get hemophilia is because if her mother is a carrier and she gives her daughter an X with hemophilia, and her father gives her an X without hemophilia, the father’s X (without hemophilia) will have the missing clotting factor that the daughter needs. The only possible way a girl can have hemophilia is if her mother was a hemophilia carrier and her father was a hemophiliac and both of her X’s would be missing the same clotting factor. So, she would be a hemophiliac, but this is extremely rare. The reason that boys usually are the ones who get hemophilia is because their sex chromosomes are one X and one Y. So, if the boys mother is a carrier and passes him the X chromosome with hemophilia, his other Y chromosome from his father will not cancel out the missing clotting factor like the girls second X did because it is a different chromosome and does not have the missing clotting factor. Although there is no current cure for hemophilia, hemophiliacs can still live a normal life with the treatment. The current treatment to hemophilia is a replacement of the missing clotting factor that is injected directly into that person’s vein and goes into their blood. Today, this current treatment is manufactured with genetically modified bacteria. The first cloned sheep Dolly, and Molly were both cloned for the treatment of hemophilia. They were cloned with a human gene, which caused their milk to contain blood-clotting protein that could be taken and used as a treatment for human hemophilia. Hemophiliacs usually treat themselves a few times a week when they are young and when they are older every time they are having a bleed. Even though there is not a current lifelong cure for hemophilia, that cure may be soon into the future. Someday a hemophiliac may be able to walk into a hospital with hemophilia and come out with not bleeding disorder whatsoever. Those people that worry everyday about minor bumps and bruises may not have to worry any longer.

** Bibliography ** McCormick, Liam. Personal Interview. April 14, 2010

Nazzaro, Ann-Marie. "American Journal of Public Health." // Knowledge, Attitudes, and behaviors of Youths in the US Hemophilia Population: Results of a National Survey //. 9. 96. 2006. Print.

Score, Della. // Hemophilia-Information.com //. Homeland for the Cure, 2008. Web. 22 Apr 2010. .

Willet, Edward. "Hemophilia." New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, 2001. Print.

The reason hemophilia is so dangerous is because of bleeds. But, these bleeds are not the kind of bleeds that none hemophiliacs attain from a cut. A bleed that a hemophiliac suffers happens when they get a bruise, internal bleed, or an external bleed somewhere in the body. These internal bleeds cause the most problems for hemophiliacs. The most common internal bleeds for hemophiliacs are joint bleeds also called hemarthrosis. If joint bleeds are not treated quickly, the joints can become very painful and swollen, and can be permanently damaged. Muscle bleeds are also dangerous for hemophiliacs because, if not treated promptly, they can cause damage to nerves and blood vessels and also pain and swelling. Although all bleeds are dangerous, head bleeds are extremely dangerous and serious, and are a common death cause for hemophiliacs. It is necessary for these bleeds to be treated right away. Another extremely dangerous and serious bleed are brain bleeds. These bleeds are also extremely dangerous and can cause death. Although different kinds bleeds can take place for hemophiliacs, the type of hemophilia that they have does not affect these bleeds. Hemophiliacs can be affected by one of three types of hemophilia. These include type A, type B, and type C. The most common type out of these three is hemophilia A. The clotting factor missing for type A hemophiliacs is Factor VIII. Type A is five times more common than type B. But, hemophilia B is still the second most common type is hemophilia B. For type B hemophiliacs, the missing clotting factor is Factor IX. The third type of hemophilia is extremely rare. It is different because since the missing factor is not a sex chromosome, it affects both male and females. The missing factor in Hemophilia C is Factor XI. Despite the different types of hemophilia, the treatment is the same for each of these three types.

June 7, 2010

Dear Anders, I am currently in seventh grade at Lumen Christi Catholic School and summer is quickly approaching. In three short days, I will be an eighth grader. I am 5 feet 8 inches tall, have blondish brown hair, and have blue eyes. Yesterday, I came home from Toronto, Canada after competing in the Ronald McDonald hockey tournament. Although it was a fun and exciting tournament, my team, the Bauer Selects, did not do as well as we expected. We lost in our first playoff game to SSJ Quebec in overtime, eliminating us from the tournament. As you can see, my favorite thing to do is to play hockey. But, I have many other interests too. I enjoy many sports including hockey, baseball, and football. I enjoy spending time with my family and relatives. My family and I usually go on a trip to Florida during Easter to visit our relatives, which is one of my favorite annual happenings. I also like listening to music. Although I do not play any instruments I still like to listen to pop music. Some of my favorite musicians include Jason Derulo, Drake, Ludacris, and the Black Eyed Peas. For the most part I do not have many dislikes. However, there are a few things of which I am not very fond. Some of my dislikes are rainy days, traffic, and injuries. Also, I dislike most fruits. I am generally not a picky eater, but when it comes to fruits, I am not a very big fan.

I have made many friends this year and really like them all. I am friends with the whole grade, which is about fifty kids, and I am very good friends with a few of these kids. I also have hockey friends. I am friends with boys from a variety of places that I met from either playing on a team with them or seeing them around various rinks. I am friends with my whole Green Bay Gamblers team, which I played on for two years. I am also friends with my new team, the Chicago Mission. Although I do not know all of them yet, I am friends with most of the boys on the team. I like spending time with all of my friends. My friends and I enjoy doing many activities together. We like to play many sports including basketball, baseball, football, and of course, hockey. We also enjoy doing social activities together such as going to movies, going to the pool, or going to one of my friend’s houses.

Throughout my seventh grade year, many important and some devastating events have occurred in our world. One of the most devastating events took place on Tuesday, January 12, 2010 when a massive earthquake struck the island of Haiti. An estimated three million people were affected by this earthquake. The Haitian Government reported that about 230,000 people had died, 300,000 had been injured and 1,000,000 made homeless. This earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes ever recorded. In February, 2010, the Winter Olympics took place in Vancouver, Canada.. The Olympics were, as usual, very exciting to watch. The United States won more medals than any other country with a total of thirty-seven medals. Both the men and women hockey teams earned silver medals, losing to Canada in both of the final games. A third current world event that is currently going on is the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In late April, there was an explosion on an oilrig owned by BP America (which is a gas company). Eleven workers were killed in the incident, and huge amounts of oil began to pour into the Gulf of Mexico. The oil continues to pollute the Gulf. This is the worst oil spill in the history of the world. A final world event is the world cup that is going to begin in four days on June 11. This huge soccer tournament will last for a month until July 11. This tournament is the nineteenth FIFA world cup soccer tournament and will most likely be just as exciting as all of the rest.

My school classes and activities inside and outside of school made this school year fascinating and fun. Out of my seven classes, my favorite class is math. I like math because I enjoy solving problems with numbers and equations that have rules that do not change. Math to me is much easier than many other subjects since I am good at thinking analytically and understanding numerical concepts. My least favorite subject is Spanish. Not because I think it is boring, actually I think it is pretty interesting. The reason that I do not like Spanish class is because I have difficulty remembering a whole new set of vocabulary and the different rules required to speak and write in a foreign language. Although school is not my favorite thing to do, I still enjoy going to it, learning new things, and being with my friends. I have read several books throughout the year. Some of these books include __Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief__ and __Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters__ both written by Rick Riordan. Also, __The Hobbit__ by J.R.R. Toilken, __The Westing Game__ by Ellen Raskin, __Spy High__ by A.J. Butcher, and __The Outsiders__ by S.E. Hinton were just a few of the books I read this year. I did a few activities this year mainly dealing with sports. Last summer and spring I played Cardinal football and although I missed half the games for hockey, I still had an amazing time playing in the games I was able to make. I am currently playing baseball for B.O.S.S. Baseball Academy and although I have only been to one of the games so far, I am really enjoying it. My main and favorite activity that I played this year has been hockey. This regular season I played for the Green Bay Jr. Gamblers hockey team. It was a really great experience that helped me to grow as a hockey player. This spring season, I played for two teams, the Bauer Selects and the Wisconsin Selects (or Wisconsin Jr. Badgers). Both these teams were fun and competitive. Next year, for the regular season, I will be playing for the Chicago Mission. I am extremely excited to be playing for this team for many reasons and cannot wait for the season to start.

I predict that my future will include much work and the successes that come with hard work. I am planning to attend Homestead High School and hope to take many challenging classes. I plan to be taking classes that will challenge me academically in all subject areas. I hope to participate in some athletics for my high school but, if I am playing a heavy hockey schedule, I may not have time to do any other sports. I hope to be playing hockey for the most competitive hockey team available. By the end of high school, my goal is to be playing in either the USHL or the OHL. I am planning to go to college and would like to attend the University of Notre Dame (my first choice), Boston College, the University of Michigan, or the University of Wisconsin, and hopefully playing hockey at one of these schools. After college, my ultimate goal is to be playing in the National Hockey League for any team. If I had the opportunity to choose the team I would be playing for in the "chell", it would either be the Pittsburgh Penguins, the Toronto Maple Leafs or the Montreal Canadiens. If I do not achieve my ultimate goal, my back-up plan is to be an engineer,a radiologist, or possibly a coach in either the OHL, NHL, or a Division I hockey school.

I hope that when I read this letter, I am a good, kind person who is having a positive impact on many people's lives, and that I have made progress towards my academic and athletic goals.

Sincerley, Anders Bjork