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A Troubled Peace AZ RH CB PA

** __Five Inventions__ ** __1. Cyclometer__ The cyclometer was invented by Marion Rejewski of the Polish Cipher Bureau’s German section to aid in the breaking of the German enigma cipher text. A cyclometer prepares a catalog of the length and number of cycles in the "characteristics" for all 17,576 positions of the rotors for a given sequence of rotors. There were six such possible sequences. This resulted in a card catalog of characteristics or card catalog which comprised a total of (6) (17,576) or 105,456 entries.

__2. Sidolowka__ Jan Czochralski invented R wz, 42 hand grenade, unofficial name Sidolowka. It was used by the Armia Krajowa, a Polish resistance organization, during World War II. The grenade came from Sidol, a metal cleaning agent sold in Poland.

__3. Huey Long Bridge__ Ralph Modjeski (born Rudolf Modrzejewski) was a chief engineer of several bridges. He built the Huey Long Bridge, located in Jefferson Parish, Loiusiana in December, 1935. It is a cantilevered steel truss bridge that carries two railroad tracks and two lanes of US 90 traffic.

__4. Patented Mill__ Tadeusz Sendzmir was a Polish engineer and inventor with over 120 patents in mining and metallurgy. He created a patented mill that could roll hard materials down to very light gauges in 1940. This was useful for steel mills around the world.

__5. Atomic Bomb__ Stanislaw Ulam assisted in the the Manhattan Project, which was the codename for the creation of the atomic bomb during World War II. He was a Polish American mathematician who also helped with nuclear pulse propulsion and developed various mathematical tools such as number theory, set theory, and algebraic topology.

__1. Adolph Nicholas Ansay__ Paternal Grandfather 100% Luxembourg Born January 25, 1909 Died September 5, 1995
 * __Five Ancestors__ **

__2. Marie Krier Ansay__ Paternal Grandmother 100% Luxembourg Born January 7, 1917 Died January 2, 2001

__3. Stanley Nicholas Sobilo__ Maternal Grandfather 100% Polish Born November 23, 1920 Died March 20, 2000

__4. Nicholas Sobilo__ Maternal Great-Grandfather, Grandfather’s Father 100% Polish Born November 19, 1886 Died February 1, 1976

__5. Piotr Kenar__ Maternal Great-Grandfather, Grandmother’s Father 100% Polish Born 1878 Died Decmber 29, 1936

__6. Angeline Jakubowicz Kenar__ Maternal Great-Grandfather, Grandmother’s Father 100% Polish Born 1882 Died August 4, 1938 __1. Start of World War II__ The start of World War II occured on September 1, 1939 when Germany attacked Poland.
 * __Five Political Facts__ **

__2. Concentration Camps__ Poland contained over 430 camp-like complexes during World War II. Tha most famous are Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, and Sobibor.

__3. Roman Catholic Church Suppression__ During WWII, the Germans suppressed the Roman Catholic Church. Most priests were either killed, imprisoned or deported to the General Government. The Germans also closed seminaries and convents, persecuting monks and nuns.

__4. Nazi Occupation of Luxembourg__ On May 10, 1940, Germany attacked Luxembourg, quickly defeating the small country. The Grand Duchess, Charlotte, the head of state, managed to flee with other cabinet members. They spent the rest of the war in exile.

__5. Luxembourg Becomes Gau Moselland__ After the German occupation Luxembourg’s name was changed to Gau Moselland, which means Mosellle country district. The head of Luxembourg was Gauleiter whose job was to “Germanize” the Luxembourg population. Luxembourgers could not speak their native language, Letzebuergesch. French sounding names were changed. The Nazis wanted Luxembourgers to believe that they were ethnic Germans. __1. Pope John Paul II – Polish__ Pope John Paul II was born Karol Wotyla on May 18, 1920. Prior to WWII, he attended Jagellonian University where he was interested in theater and poetry. After German occupation of Poland, Karol secretly studied for the seminary. He was ordained a priest in 1946. He became Pope in 1978 and died in April, 2005. His cause for canonization was started May 18, 2005 and
 * __Five Famous People__ **

__2. Father Maxmilian Kolbe - Polish__ Father Maxmilian Kolbe was prisoner 16670 at Auschwitz Concentration Camp during WWII. A prisoner had escaped from camp so the Nazis wanted retaliation. They selected ten prisoners to die by starvation. Franciszek Gajowniczek, one of the ten selected, cried “My wife! My children! I will bever see them again.” Father Kolbe stepped forward and took his place. He was the last of the ten to die.

__3. Janus Korczak - Polish__ Janusz Korczak was born July 22, 1878 and died in a gas chamber at the Treblinka Concentration Camp in August, 1942. He was a children’s author, pediatrician and director of Dom Sierot, a Jewish orphanage in Warsaw.

__4. Leon Mart - Luxembourg__ The leading scorer for the Luxembourg National Football league was Leon Mart. He scored 16 goals between 1933 and 1945.

__5. Pierre Werner - Luxembourg__ Pierre Werner was a Luxembourg politician who served as Finance Minister, Prime Minister, and Minister for Culture. During WWII, he worked as a banker and offered much support to the resistance movement. He was born in 1913 and died in 2002.

= Vocabulary Homework =

allusion - an implied or indirect reference especially in literature - the use of such references.
p.31 let's pray President Roosevelt and General Eisenhower are wise enough.

irony - Is a contrast between what is expected and what actually happens.
p.126 Madame states peopleawaiting us held lilacs and lipsticks, and face powder... They asked us where our laggage was.

metaphor - is a comparison of two things that have sme quality in common.
p.130 "cool down, papa, don't blow your top." p.150 Nazi is walking around "scot-free."

stereotype - is a broad generalization or an over simplified view that disregardes individual differences.
p.142 American civilians all seemed to wear the same round glasses, tweed suits with wide lapels, and baggy pants.

symbolism -
=**Individual Assignment #2**=

1. Define internal conflict and external conflict. Internal Conflict: A conflict that happens within the character. External Conflict: A conflict between two characters or the character and his/her environment.

2. Henry is a major character in the book.

3. Henry's Internal and External conflicts Examples of Internal Conflict · Henry feels guilty that he left Pierre behind. · Henry wants to feel normal again. He wants to feel the way that he felt before the fighting. · Henry loves Patsy and wants her to love him back.

Examples of External Conflict · Mr. Newcomb wants to have Henry arrested. · Henry is beat up by a Frenchman who mistakes him for the enemy. · The priest and monks do not know where Pierre is because they say that he ran away.

4. Write two paragraphs - one for each kind of conflict - and elaborate on the conflicts. (What happens in the story to create the conflicts, where and when do the conflicts occur, do the conflicts get resolved, if so, how? etc.) Henry's internal conflicts impact his ability to make choices. Flying helps Henry forget about the horrors of the war. This internal conflict causes him to steal Mr. Newcomb's plane and crash it. After Henry crashes the plane, his mom suggests that he try to go back to France to find Pierre. Henry's guilt over Pierre takes him away from the girl that he loves. While Henry is in France searching for Pierre, he keeps thinking about Patsy and how he wants to win her love. So far, Henry's internal conflicts have not been resolved.

Henry's external conflicts take place between Henry and other characters. Many times, Henry's external conflicts happen because of the decisions he makes. For example, when Henry takes Mr. Newcomb's plane for a joy ride he ends up crashing the plane. He destroyed Mr. Newcomb’s plane. Mr. Newcomb was very upset about his plane and wants Henry arrested. Clayton, Henry's dad, tells Henry that he heard that the army is selling surplus Kaydet trainers for 250 dollars. If Henry buys Mr. Newcomb a new plane he will not be arrested. In order to get 250 dollars, Henry's dad tells him to sell the engagement ring that he bought for Patsy. Patsy tells Henry that his dad is right and that he should sell the ring. The conflict is resolved and Henry does not go to jail because he buys Mr. Newcomb a new plane.

5. One minor character is Patsy

Patsy's Internal and External conflicts Examples of Internal Conflict · Patsy wishes Henry was the same person he was before the war. · Patsy is not sure if she should accept Henry's proposal.

Examples of External Conflict · Claudette kissed Henry. · Henry had to sell her engagement ring to pay for Mr. Newcomb's plane. · Henry left for France in order to resolve his own problems.

Patsy's internal conflicts are about Henry. She thinks about how things were before the war. Henry is a different person and she is not sure if she can love him. Patsy also thinks a lot about whether or not she should marry Henry. Patsy's conflicts are not resolved yet. Patsy said no to Henry's proposal, but she still loves him.

Patsy's external conflicts focus on what other people are doing to her. Patsy was hurt when she found out that Claudette and Henry kissed. This external conflict makes Patsy think about her feelings for Henry.

=**Individual Assignment #3**= Hitler’s organizations indoctrinated young people into Nazism. Germans could join the Hitler Youth at the age of 10. The Hitler Youth prepared young men to be soldiers. The league of German Girls was the female youth organization. The German youth was educated about Nazi ways. Hitler wanted the youth to continue Nazi values. Hitler thought that these Nazi organizations would help Nazism last forever.

Source: [] =Individual Assignment #4= Bandwagon: On the popular or winning side Scapegoat: A person, group, or thing upon whom the blame for the mistakes or crimes of others is thrust. Hitler used the Jewish people as his scapegoats in WWII. Hitler said that if people got on the Nazi bandwagon they would all move away from the depression in Germany.

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